Poverty:
I am Pakistani and i am proud to be a Pakistani.As Quid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah said ""
Poverty means lack of material and money.A material that is use in feeding and a money for daily use, Like buy food and clothes.
There are large number of People who are living their life like there is nothing for them in this world.More then 80% poor people die due to the lake of necessary element of life.
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A Pakistani Poor Family.Girl is showing kids are for sale
one girl and two boys.
(Due to poverty A father is sailing his daughter. ) |
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A poor Indian Family.They are waiting for
some one who give them some thing to eat. |
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| A flood effected family in Pakistan. |
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| A town in Africa. |
A few Organization are working for them.It will be a honour for me to present such Organization Especially Edhi and Humanity First Org.
Diseases:
Polio.
Polio, or poliomyelitis, is a highly contagious viral infection that can lead to paralysis, breathing problems, or even death. The term poliomyelitis is from the Greek poliós meaning "grey",myelós referencing the spinal cord, and -itis meaning.
Polio can be classified as either symptomatic or asymptomatic. About 95% of all cases display no symptoms (asymptomatic polio), and between 4% and 8% of cases display symptoms (symptomatic polio). Symptomatic polio can be broken down further into a mild form called nonparalytic or abortive polio and a severe form called paralytic polio (occurring in 0.1% to 2% of cases). Paralytic polio also may be classified as:
- Spinal polio - attacks motor neurons in the spinal cord and causes paralysis in arms and legs and breathing problems
- Bulbar polio - affects neurons responsible for sight, vision, taste, swallowing, and breathing
- Bulbospinal polio - both spinal and bulbar polio
Many people with nonparalytic polio are able to make a full recovery, while those with paralytic polio generally end up with permanent paralysis.
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| Polio vaccine |
Polio Vaccine:
Two polio vaccines are used throughout the world to
combat poliomyelitis (or polio). The first was developed by Jonas Salk and first tested in 1952. Announced to
the world by Dr Thomas Francis Junior on April 12, 1955.It consists of an
injected dose of inactivated (dead) poliovirus.
An oral vaccine was developed by Albert Sabin using attenuated
poliovirus. Polioviruses have no
non-primate reservoir in nature, and survival of the virus in the environment
for an extended period of time appears to be remote. Therefore, interruption of
person to person transmission of the virus by vaccination is the critical step
in global polio eradication.
The Salk vaccine, or inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV), is based on three wild, virulentreference
strains, Mahoney (type 1 poliovirus), MEF-1 (type 2 poliovirus), and Saukett
(type 3 poliovirus), grown in a type of monkey kidney tissue culture, which are then inactivated with formalin.The injected Salk vaccine confers IgG-mediated immunity in
the bloodstream, which prevents polio infection from progressing to viremia and protects themotor neurons,
thus eliminating the risk of bulbar polio and post-polio syndrome.
The first dose of polio
vaccine is given shortly after birth, usually between 1–2 months of age, a
second dose is given at 4 months of age.The timing of the third dose depends
on the vaccine formulation but should be given between 6–18 months of age.A booster vaccination is given at 4 to
6 years of age, for a total of four doses at or before school entry. In some
countries, a fifth vaccination is given during adolescence.Routine vaccination of adults (18
years of age and older) in developed countries is neither necessary nor
recommended because most adults are already immune and have a very small risk
of exposure to wild poliovirus in their home countries.
Other Diseases vaccines:
Follwing vaccines are used.
2 months
5-in-1 (DTaP/IPV/Hib) vaccine –
this single jab contains vaccines to protect against five separate diseases:
diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (whooping cough), polio and Haemophilus
influenzae type b (Hib, a bacterial infection that can cause severe pneumonia
or meningitis in young children)
Pneumococcal (PCV) vaccine
Rotavirus vaccine
3 months
5-in-1 (DTaP/IPV/Hib) vaccine,
second dose
Meningitis C
Rotavirus vaccine, second
dose
4 months
5-in-1 (DTaP/IPV/Hib) vaccine,
third dose
Pneumococcal (PCV) vaccine,
second dose
Between 12 and 13 months
Hib/Men C booster, given as
a single jab containing meningitis C (second dose) and Hib (fourth dose)
Measles, mumps and rubella (MMR)
vaccine, given as a single jab
Pneumococcal (PCV) vaccine,
third dose
2 and 3 years
3 years and 4 months, or soon after
- Measles, mumps and rubella (MMR)
vaccine, second dose
- 4-in-1 (DTaP/IPV) pre-school
booster, given as a single jab containing vaccines against diphtheria,
tetanus, whooping cough (pertussis) and polio
Around 12-13 years
- HPV vaccine, which
protects against cervical cancer (girls only) – three jabs given within six
months
Around 13-18 years
- 3-in-1 (Td/IPV) teenage
booster, given as a single jab which contains vaccines against
diphtheria, tetanus and polio
Around 13-15 years
65 and over
- Flu (every year)
- Pneumococcal (PPV) vaccine
70 years
Vaccines for special groups
There are some vaccines that aren't
routinely available to everyone on the NHS but which are available for people
who fall into certain risk groups, such as pregnant women, people with long
term health conditions and healthcare workers.
These extra vaccines include hepatitis B vaccination, TB vaccination and chickenpox vaccination.
Travel vaccines
There
are some travel vaccines that you should be able to have free on
the NHS from your local surgery. These include the hepatitis A vaccine, the typhoid vaccine and
the cholera vaccine. Other
travel vaccines, such as yellow fever vaccination,
are only available privately. Find out more from our section on travel vaccines.
